Geriatrics is the branch of medicine dealing especially with the problems of ageing and diseases of the elderly. People are classed as elderly on reaching up to the age of 60 years, but in the 21st century due to the high standards of living have increased the life expectancy up to 75 years.
The increasingly ageing population presents unique challenges for rehabilitation medicine. One third of the population over age 65 – 75 years experiences one fall per year. In the elderly population Falls are common in old age, Falls have been highly associated with the muscle strength, alternation, altered stride characteristics balance etc..
Frequent Falls and difficult in doing functional abilities are particularly likely to occur due to ageing process or weakness. These impairments may have an addition or interactive effect on an individual’s level of mobility mainly on doing functional tasks.
Fall is an event in which a person comes to rest inadvertently on the ground. A fall can result in disability by decrease in confidence, restricting mobility causing injury and debilitation and resulting in loss of independence. Old people need to strengthen their muscles in order to reduce their risk of falling and improve their functional ability. (Simpson 1993). Strict observation in home circumstances is necessary to achieve the sufficient intensity to the exercise program as in hospital setting.
Functional activities are highly skilled movement pattern which have been developed and refined with many years of practice. The leading factor to a decline in function in elderly people is lack of practice to these functional activities leading to a downward spiral in ability.
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