Physical work factor
Heavy manual work
Lifting and twisting
Postural stress – sitting and driving
Whole body vibration
Psychosocial work factors
Societal influences
Monotonous work
Lack of personal control – Tension, Stress, Anxiety, fear and depression.
Low job satisfaction
Low physical fitness
Inadequate trunk strength
Personal risk factors
Heredity, sex, age, body built, smoking, social class.
